[Distroless] Enable Distroless Java SDK based container images

[damondouglas]

Summary

Add distroless variants to existing Java SDK container images:

• beam-sdk/beam_java8_sdk
• beam-sdk/beam_java11_sdk
• beam-sdk/beam_java17_sdk
• beam-sdk/beam_java21_sdk

Description

The Publish Beam SDK Snapshots, and build_release_candidate GitHub workflows build and publish Beam container images using docker. The distroless base images by design lack tools assumed to exist in Java Dockerfiles such as file system tools. In order to reuse the existing Dockerfile to add a distroless variant, we need to employ a multi-stage build approach.

Blockers

• [ ] #32819
• [ ] #32820

Measures of Done

• [ ] Refactor Java SDK Dockerfile to add distroless variants
• [ ] Gradle :docker task can build existing non-distroless and new distroless Java SDK variants