[yaml] Add tests for provider schema validation

[Polber]

Add tests to validate #31974.

Created separate PR due to out-of-scope changes that should avoid cherry pick into 2.58.0 release candidate.

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[jrmccluskey]

ERROR: /runner/_work/beam/beam/sdks/python/test-suites/tox/pycommon/build/srcs/sdks/python/apache_beam/yaml/yaml_transform_test.py Imports are incorrectly sorted.
--- /runner/_work/beam/beam/sdks/python/test-suites/tox/pycommon/build/srcs/sdks/python/apache_beam/yaml/yaml_transform_test.py:before	2024-07-24 23:50:37.354358
+++ /runner/_work/beam/beam/sdks/python/test-suites/tox/pycommon/build/srcs/sdks/python/apache_beam/yaml/yaml_transform_test.py:after	2024-07-24 23:59:06.838165
@@ -23,16 +23,15 @@
 import unittest
 
 import yaml
-from apache_beam.yaml.yaml_transform import SafeLineLoader
-
-from apache_beam.yaml.yaml_transform import expand_pipeline
 
 import apache_beam as beam
 from apache_beam.testing.util import assert_that
 from apache_beam.testing.util import equal_to
 from apache_beam.utils import python_callable
 from apache_beam.yaml import yaml_provider
+from apache_beam.yaml.yaml_transform import SafeLineLoader
 from apache_beam.yaml.yaml_transform import YamlTransform
+from apache_beam.yaml.yaml_transform import expand_pipeline
 

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[damccorm]

waiting on author

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