[Task]: Switch to SLF4J 2

[Abacn]

What needs to happen?

This is not a trivial dependency upgrade.

slf4j 2.x uses a different binding mechanism makes it incompatible with SLF4J 1.x. Arrow has a compile dependency on SLF4J then it leads downstream project resolve to SLF4J 2.x causing breakage, e.g. #30304

Similarly, one we switched to slf4j 2.x users can no longer use SLF4J 1.x.

Issue Priority

Priority: 2 (default / most normal work should be filed as P2)

Issue Components

• [ ] Component: Python SDK
• [ ] Component: Java SDK
• [ ] Component: Go SDK
• [ ] Component: Typescript SDK
• [ ] Component: IO connector
• [ ] Component: Beam YAML
• [ ] Component: Beam examples
• [ ] Component: Beam playground
• [ ] Component: Beam katas
• [ ] Component: Website
• [ ] Component: Spark Runner
• [ ] Component: Flink Runner
• [ ] Component: Samza Runner
• [ ] Component: Twister2 Runner
• [ ] Component: Hazelcast Jet Runner
• [ ] Component: Google Cloud Dataflow Runner