arrow GH-31186: [C++] file: Enable FIFO as an OSFile path.

Rationale for this change

Allow reading from non-seekable FIFO paths (e.g. stdin).

Example: Currently the following code snippet is not allowed:

from pyarrow import csv, input_stream

stdin = input_stream('/dev/stdin')
data = csv.read_csv(stdin)
print(data)

Running this code will always trigger an OSError:

# cat test.csv | python test2.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/mnt/nvme0n1/psp/arrow-test/test.py", line 4, in <module>
    stdin = input_stream('/dev/stdin')
  File "pyarrow/io.pxi", line 2690, in pyarrow.lib.input_stream
  File "pyarrow/io.pxi", line 1164, in pyarrow.lib.OSFile.__cinit__
  File "pyarrow/io.pxi", line 1176, in pyarrow.lib.OSFile._open_readable
  File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
  File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
OSError: lseek failed

To get around this implementation one has to read stdin through a python file:

import sys
import os

from pyarrow import csv

stdin = os.fdopen(sys.stdin.fileno(), "rb")
data = csv.read_csv(stdin)
print(data)

Example csv:

customer_id,customer
1,customer1
2,customer2

What changes are included in this PR?

Set the size of the OSFile to -1 if the stream is not seekable. This has been used here to configure non-seekable file descriptors: https://github.com/pspoerri/arrow/blob/main/cpp/src/arrow/io/file.cc#L94-L95

Are these changes tested?

I tested the code samples above.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Not that I am aware of.

GitHub Issue: #31186