[Docs] Document conventions for sending and receiving Arrow data over HTTP APIs

[ianmcook]

Describe the enhancement requested

The Arrow developer community intends to publish a set of conventions in the Arrow docs for how to send and receive Arrow-format data over HTTP APIs. There is a related discussion on the Arrow developer mailing list at https://lists.apache.org/thread/886cnx6ytjst3smmytz4r4ddcbv95191.

Tasks

This issue is an umbrella for tasks that are a part of this effort.

Simple HTTP GET client and server examples

• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40466
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40467
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40472
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40480
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40481
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40468
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40469
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40470
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40471
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40473
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40474
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow-julia/issues/502
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40489
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40475
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40476
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40477
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40478
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40479
• [x] https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/issues/5496
• [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40488

Simple HTTP PUT / POST client and server examples

TBD

HTTP GET examples demonstrating range requests

TBD

HTTP GET examples to test different compression options

TBD

Component(s)

Documentation