ARROW-16337: [Python] Expose flag to enable/disable storing Arrow schema in Parquet metadata

[jorisvandenbossche]

[github-actions[bot]]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-16337

[jorisvandenbossche]

Should still add this to the ParquetWriter docstring

[pitrou]

@jorisvandenbossche Do you want to follow up on this?

[jorisvandenbossche]

I added a docstring, so this should be ready now.

(the two failures are both the flaky dataset test)

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 1e15f07954594a0e0fb148a40a35c80f8a330311 and contender = 0f5b8dda5fbc3b7e384a549075e402df93eb602e. 0f5b8dda5fbc3b7e384a549075e402df93eb602e is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes. Conbench compare runs links: [Finished :arrow_down:0.0% :arrow_up:0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2 [Failed] test-mac-arm [Finished :arrow_down:0.0% :arrow_up:0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x [Finished :arrow_down:0.52% :arrow_up:0.03%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q Buildkite builds: [Finished] 0f5b8dda ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2 [Failed] 0f5b8dda test-mac-arm [Finished] 0f5b8dda ursa-i9-9960x [Finished] 0f5b8dda ursa-thinkcentre-m75q [Finished] 1e15f079 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2 [Failed] 1e15f079 test-mac-arm [Finished] 1e15f079 ursa-i9-9960x [Finished] 1e15f079 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q Supported benchmarks: ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java

[ursabot]

['Python', 'R'] benchmarks have high level of regressions. ursa-i9-9960x