[Subtask]: Use SimpleFuture to refactor TaskRuntime and eliminate task lock

[majin1102]

Search before asking

• [X] I have searched in the issues and found no similar issues.

Description

1. Use SimpleFuture to refactor TaskRuntime, remove TaskOwner
2. Eliminate lock in TaskRuntime and avoid deadlock between tasks when canceling refering to #2644
3. Add getStage interface for related classes

Parent issue

#2596

Are you willing to submit PR?

• [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

Code of Conduct

• [X] I agree to follow this project's Code of Conduct