bug(MatDatePicker): Improve error message when faulty DateAdapter

[dries-2002]

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Is this a regression?

• [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

The previous version in which this bug was not present was

No response

Description

When you provide a date adapter that does not inherit from Material DateAdapter, you get a very strange error. This might occur when you use different components that also require a (different) date adapter.

Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:

1. Stackblitz
2. Observe the error.

Expected Behavior

A clear error that the provided DateAdapter is incorrect. This could be done by checking whether localeChanges exists on the date adapter.

Actual Behavior

core.js:6498 ERROR Error: Uncaught (in promise): TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'subscribe')
TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'subscribe')
    at new MatDatepickerInputBase (datepicker.js:3041:1)
    at new MatDatepickerInput (datepicker.js:3286:1)
    at NodeInjectorFactory.MatDatepickerInput_Factory [as factory]

Environment

• Angular: 14.2.1
• CDK/Material: 14.2.1
• Browser(s): Brave
• Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): macOS