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PCA horseshoe effect
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The PCA plot of the barley data shows a pattern reminiscent of the horseshoe effect. We should mention this. See
- PCA ordination notes
- What is the "horseshoe effect" and/or the "arch effect" in PCA / correspondence analysis?
- Noise Reduction By Eigenvector Ordinations
- Detecting the Guttman effect with the help of ordinal correspondence analysis in synchrotron X-ray diffraction data analysis
- Horseshoes in multidimensional scaling and local kernel methods