feature: Introduce Validating Emulators with Noise Models to the SDK

[Altanali]

Issue #, if available:

Description of changes:

This PR introduces the notion of device emulators and emulation passes to the BDK; device emulators provide some form of program compilation and validation and may apply a noise model to the program before simulating the program on the BDK LocalSimulator.

AwsDevice specific emulators are created based on the device properties and capabilities; noise models for gate-based QPUs are created based on calibration data retrieved from Braket service when creating an AwsDevice.

Testing done:

Unit testing covers 99% of emulator passes and noise model generation based on AwsDevice calibration data. (TODO: Complete unit tests for 100% coverage).

Merge Checklist

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General

• [x] I have read the CONTRIBUTING doc
• [x] I used the PR title format described in CONTRIBUTING
• [ ] I have updated any necessary documentation, including READMEs and API docs (if appropriate)

Tests

• [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works (if appropriate)
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By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

:white_check_mark: All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests. :white_check_mark: Project coverage is 100.00%. Comparing base (789588f) to head (b8d2531). :warning: Report is 71 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

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  Coverage   100.00%   100.00%            
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  Files          146       162    +16     
  Lines         9879     10387   +508     
  Branches      1164      1262    +98     
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+ Hits          9879     10387   +508     

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[speller26]

Looking good to me, let's see if @krneta has any feedback!