Spike: Use DataChecks for partial dependence data validation

[freddyaboulton]

Our data checks are mainly used for AutoMLSearch but there might be other places where it makes sense to use their logic to check the data a user passes in.

There is some overlap with this and #968, imo.

Closing criteria:

• A design or draft pr that determines whether it is feasible to use data checks in partial dependence data validation.
• A list of there other places in the codebase that could benefit from leveraging data checks and a recommendation as to whether it's worth using the datachecks there.

Original comment:

Is it weird not using our own datachecks to accomplish this type of thing? This seems very much like a uniqueness and a no variance datacheck.

Originally posted by @chukarsten in https://github.com/alteryx/evalml/pull/2120#discussion_r611684152

[dsherry]

Sounds good to me. I would focus first on that specific example from @chukarsten comment.