It looks like the font’s error
OS:Linux arch 5.15.2-zen1-1-zen #1 ZEN SMP PREEMPT Fri, 12 Nov 2021 19:22:07 +0000 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Looks like a driver issue to me. Could you share some more info about the hardware/drivers?
I am a newbie, how should I analyze information?
Could you share some more info about the hardware/drivers?

It lists multiple GPUs there, which one is actually used for Alacritty? Also if one of them doesn't work, how about the other?
sorry I am not very clear.
Which GPU driver are you running? I'd assume you're on the Nvidia dGPU so you're probably looking at either nouveau or the nvidia proprietary driver.
Same problem here using Nvidia dGPU.
Closing, since we don't work around the driver bugs.
You have option to manually force the gles2_pure renderer with -o 'debug.renderer="gles2_pure"', so it'll use very limited rendering features, but should work on very old hardware.