ada-url

The urlib.parse module in Python does not follow the legacy RFC 3978 standard nor does it follow the newer WHATWG URL specification. It is also relatively slow.

This is ada_url, a fast standard-compliant Python library for working with URLs based on the Ada URL parser.

• Documentation <https://ada-url.readthedocs.io>__
• Development <https://github.com/ada-url/ada-python/>__
• Ada <https://www.ada-url.com/>__

Installation

Install from PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/ada-url/>__:

.. code-block:: sh

pip install ada_url

Usage examples

Parsing URLs ^^^^^^^^^^^^

The URL class is intended to match the one described in the WHATWG URL spec <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-class>_:.

.. code-block:: python

>>> from ada_url import URL
>>> urlobj = URL('https://example.org/path/../file.txt')
>>> urlobj.href
'https://example.org/path/file.txt'

The parse_url function returns a dictionary of all URL elements:

.. code-block:: python

>>> from ada_url import parse_url
>>> parse_url('https://user:[email protected]:80/api?q=1#2')
{
    'href': 'https://user:[email protected]:80/api?q=1#2',
    'username': 'user',
    'password': 'pass',
    'protocol': 'https:',
    'port': '80',
    'hostname': 'example.org',
    'host': 'example.org:80',
    'pathname': '/api',
    'search': '?q=1',
    'hash': '#2',
    'origin': 'https://example.org:80',
    'host_type': <HostType.DEFAULT: 0>,
    'scheme_type': <SchemeType.HTTPS: 2>
}

Altering URLs ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Replacing URL components with the URL class:

.. code-block:: python

>>> from ada_url import URL
>>> urlobj = URL('https://example.org/path/../file.txt')
>>> urlobj.host = 'example.com'
>>> urlobj.href
'https://example.com/file.txt'

Replacing URL components with the replace_url function:

>>> from ada_url import replace_url
>>> replace_url('https://example.org/path/../file.txt', host='example.com')
'https://example.com/file.txt'

Search parameters ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The URLSearchParams class is intended to match the one described in the WHATWG URL spec <https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-urlsearchparams>__.

.. code-block:: python

>>> from ada_url import URLSearchParams
>>> obj = URLSearchParams('key1=value1&key2=value2')
>>> list(obj.items())
[('key1', 'value1'), ('key2', 'value2')]

The parse_search_params function returns a dictionary of search keys mapped to value lists:

.. code-block:: python

>>> from ada_url import parse_search_params
>>> parse_search_params('key1=value1&key2=value2')
{'key1': ['value1'], 'key2': ['value2']}

Internationalized domain names ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The idna class can encode and decode IDNs:

.. code-block:: python

>>> from ada_url import idna
>>> idna.encode('Bücher.example')
b'xn--bcher-kva.example'
>>> idna.decode(b'xn--bcher-kva.example')
'bücher.example'

WHATWG URL compliance

This library is compliant with the WHATWG URL spec. This means, among other things, that it properly encodes IDNs and resolves paths:

.. code-block:: python

>>> from ada_url import URL
>>> parsed_url = URL('https://www.GOoglé.com/./path/../path2/')
>>> parsed_url.hostname
'www.xn--googl-fsa.com'
>>> parsed_url.pathname
'/path2/'

Contrast that with the Python standard library's urlib.parse module:

.. code-block:: python

>>> from urllib.parse import urlparse
>>> parsed_url = urlparse('https://www.GOoglé.com/./path/../path2/')
>>> parsed_url.hostname
'www.googlé.com'
>>> parsed_url.path
'/./path/../path2/'

Alternative Python bindings

This package uses CFFI <https://github.com/ada-url/ada-python/>__ to call the Ada library's functions, which has a performance cost. The alternative can_ada <https://github.com/tktech/can_ada>__ (Canadian Ada) package uses pybind11 <https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>__ to generate a Python extension module, which is more performant.