A div node is removed completely (not just suppressed) even with no CSS applied

[jensolafkoch]

Describe the bug

In a page (it is one behind a paywall, German SPIEGEL magazine) there is the following node:

<div data-sara-click-el="body_element" data-area="text" data-pos="56">
<section class="RichText RichText--highlight lg:w-8/12 md:w-10/12 lg:mx-auto md:mx-auto lg:px-24 md:px-24 sm:px-16 break-words word-wrap">
<p><strong>SPIEGEL</strong>: Sehen Sie das nicht etwas zu romantisch? <a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/tv/michaela-may-gisela-schneeberger-und-jutta-speidel-keine-lust-auf-omarollen-a-ceb622f1-d33b-4771-93e3-6e461587bd60">Ältere Frauen beklagen sich heute eher darüber, dass sie unsichtbar sind </a>und von der Gesellschaft ausgemustert werden, nicht über eine allzu hohe Nachfrage nach ihrer Lebensweisheit.</p>
</section>
</div>

This div gets completely removed (missing in Inspector view) by Just read as long as the inner tag is present. This is true even with no css applied at all ("empty" theme). Without tag it does work.

To Reproduce n/a

Expected behavior Node should not be removed.

Screenshots n/a Please complete the following information:

• OS: latest Windows 11
• Browser: latest Firefox dev version
• Version 127.0b9