Switch from Clang 14 to Clang 16

[bthomee]

High Level Overview of Change

This change switches from Clang 14 to Clang 16.

Context of Change

Clang 14 has not been in development since 2022, and it is lagging in C++ 20 that we now commonly use. Antithesis also requires Clang 16 and the corresponding CI pipeline requires building from scratch for that compiler. With this switch we optimize our CI time and ensure we are ready for more modern C++ versions.

Type of Change

• [X] Refactor (non-breaking change that only restructures code)

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 78.0%. Comparing base (e429455) to head (5ca72a9).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop   #5369     +/-   ##
=========================================
- Coverage     78.1%   78.0%   -0.1%     
=========================================
  Files          795     795             
  Lines        68567   68663     +96     
  Branches      8286    8375     +89     
=========================================
- Hits         53545   53540      -5     
- Misses       15022   15123    +101     

see 98 files with indirect coverage changes

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[bthomee]

We will soon start using a series of Ubuntu, Red Hat, and Debian images with varying GCC and Clang compilers enabled within, and as such this PR isn't necessary anymore in its current form.