Update categories on the pattern directory site

[richtabor]

Let's update the categories on the site to match what's available (detailed in https://github.com/WordPress/pattern-directory/issues/611#issue-1954411992). Secondly, if there are no patterns in a category, can we just not render the category?

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Most notably, I think we should remove the "Featured" category — as I propose we should not send core patterns within the "Featured" category (https://github.com/WordPress/pattern-directory/issues/612).

Current: