Move the `@wordpress/blocks` types defined in #48604 into own branch.

[ryanwelcher]

What?

• Part of https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/issues/67691.
• Based on #48604.

This PR moves only the types from #48604 into a branch in this repo rather than in a fork. This is all of @johnhooks work with the exceptions of some small linting changes required to commit.

This branch can be merged into trunk or used as a feature branch to make small iterations to the package to introduce the types.

Why?

@johnhooks did a lot fantastic work defining the types and while the direction of that PR has changed, it would be a shame to lose that work as we move towards adding Typescript support to the blocks and block-editor packages.

Related: #39915

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[ryanwelcher]

Thanks for running the review @gziolo. I am hoping to pick this back up very soon

[ryanwelcher]

Thanks for taking care of the continuity of this great work @ryanwelcher 👏

Since it's quite a large PR, can we make sure all checks are green before opening it for a formal review?

I've moved it to a draft for now.