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Published
20 hours ago •
TheThingsNetwork
TheThingsNetwork
Join-Accept not transmitted to AS923-1 end-device when dwell time restrictions enabled
Summary
When dwell time restrictions are enabled for a LoRaWAN 1.0.4 AS923-1 end-device, the network server will not transmit a Join-Accept to that end-device. (To be precise: the network server does not forward the Join-Accept downlink to the corresponding gateway.) By contrast, it will do so for the same end-device when dwell time restrictions are disabled, or for a LoRaWAN 1.0.4 AU915 end-device regardless of whether dwell time restrictions are enabled or disabled. Note: Insofar as this issue is concerned, "network server" may, in fact, refer to the join server (JS) rather than the LNS per se. (I am not using an external JS.)
Steps to Reproduce
- Configure a LoRaWAN 1.0.4 AS923-1 end-device for OTAA, and with dwell time restrictions enabled (e.g., as shown in the screenshot attached under the heading Other Information).
- Configure an AS923 gateway accordingly (e.g., as shown in the screenshot attached under the heading Other Information), and connect it to The Things Network.
- Enable "Verbose stream" in the "Live Data" tab of the console for the aforementioned end-device (see step 1).
- (Optional) If possible, monitor the packet forwarding log (or equivalent) on the gateway.
- Force the end-device to undergo OTAA (i.e., join The Things Network), e.g., by resetting or power-cycling the end-device.
- Observe what results when a valid Join-Request is received from that end-device on the corresponding "Live Data" tab of the console.
- (Optional) If possible, observe in the packet forwarding log (on the gateway), the presence of the uplink packet (containing the Join-Request) from the end-device, but absence of a downlink packet (containing the Join-Accept) from the network server.
Current Result
As shown in the relevant log (downloaded as a JSON string from the "Live Data" tab of the end-device console), it turns out that the network server is "blocking itself" from forwarding the Join-Accept to the gateway, because at DR2 with dwell time restrictions enabled, the maximum frame size in this region (AS923-1) is 24 octets (24 bytes), whereas a Join-Accept with an (optional) CFList requires a packet size of 33 octets. In this case, however, a better course of action would have been to omit the (optional) CFList so as to reduce the packet size to 17 octets. Not only is the CFList optional (meaning that omitting it from the Join-Accept does not violate the LoRaWAN specification), but in the case shown in the log, there was no point in including a CFList (because only the default AS923-1 channels were being used, meaning the CFList would have been "empty"). By contrast, under AU915 with dwell time restrictions enabled (and using the 8-channel plan recommended by The Things Network), precisely the same situation arises at DR2, but the network server transmits the Join-Accept nevertheless.
Expected Result
The Join-Request should be transmitted to the end-device, but without the (optional) CFList so as to comply with the dwell time restrictions.
Relevant Logs
[
{
"name": "ns.down.join.schedule.fail",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:23.844962273Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.ErrorDetails",
"namespace": "pkg/gatewayserver",
"name": "schedule",
"message_format": "failed to schedule",
"correlation_id": "23e461e5d56a4902b0d7e90b63ff84dd",
"code": 10,
"details": [
{
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.ScheduleDownlinkErrorDetails",
"path_errors": [
{
"namespace": "pkg/gatewayserver",
"name": "schedule_path",
"message_format": "failed to schedule on path `{gateway_uid}`",
"attributes": {
"gateway_uid": "pico-gw-647fdafffe004071@ttn"
},
"correlation_id": "0d204fdbd95e4784b32e2cd160788338",
"cause": {
"namespace": "pkg/gatewayserver/io",
"name": "too_long",
"message_format": "the payload length `{payload_length}` exceeds maximum `{maximum_length}` at data rate `{data_rate}`",
"attributes": {
"data_rate": "lora:<bandwidth:125000 spreading_factor:10 > ",
"maximum_length": "24",
"payload_length": 33
},
"correlation_id": "44fc0b47ba1d48baaaa5797becc68a53",
"code": 3
},
"code": 3
}
]
}
]
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:downlink:01GA23CFR3958P09WZ0Z3B34QZ",
"ns:transmission:01GA23CFR3Q4ZZK2QH10C6BZCZ",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-6-110.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23CFR4WQ1DE9AYMKGV9D78"
},
{
"name": "ns.down.join.schedule.attempt",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:23.843083394Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.DownlinkMessage",
"raw_payload": "IF8MVUBkiSB9tEjFPW2DGBYc5IM40cx4SF4cDoarzThY",
"payload": {
"m_hdr": {
"m_type": "JOIN_ACCEPT"
},
"join_accept_payload": {
"net_id": "000013",
"dev_addr": "260B4A64",
"dl_settings": {
"rx2_dr": 2
},
"rx_delay": 5,
"cf_list": {}
}
},
"request": {
"downlink_paths": [
{
"uplink_token": "CiYKJAoYcGljby1ndy02NDdmZGFmZmZlMDA0MDcxEghkf9r//gBAcRCspqSTDRoLCIL8ypcGELPijRIg4MfL097gAg=="
}
],
"rx1_delay": 5,
"rx1_data_rate": {
"lora": {
"bandwidth": 125000,
"spreading_factor": 10
}
},
"rx1_frequency": "923400000",
"rx2_data_rate": {
"lora": {
"bandwidth": 125000,
"spreading_factor": 10
}
},
"rx2_frequency": "923200000",
"priority": "HIGHEST",
"frequency_plan_id": "AS_923_DT"
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:downlink:01GA23CFR3958P09WZ0Z3B34QZ",
"ns:transmission:01GA23CFR3Q4ZZK2QH10C6BZCZ",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
]
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:downlink:01GA23CFR3958P09WZ0Z3B34QZ",
"ns:transmission:01GA23CFR3Q4ZZK2QH10C6BZCZ",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-6-110.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23CFR37GWNJZY4ENCT90KA"
},
{
"name": "ns.up.join.process",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.243344906Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.UplinkMessage",
"raw_payload": "AAAAABCA2n9k7sYAAADaf2QCAJRTXcU=",
"payload": {
"m_hdr": {},
"mic": "lFNdxQ==",
"join_request_payload": {
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000",
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"dev_nonce": "0002"
}
},
"settings": {
"data_rate": {
"lora": {
"bandwidth": 125000,
"spreading_factor": 10
}
},
"coding_rate": "4/5",
"frequency": "923400000",
"timestamp": 3530101548
},
"rx_metadata": [
{
"gateway_ids": {
"gateway_id": "pico-gw-647fdafffe004071",
"eui": "647FDAFFFE004071"
},
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:21.963Z",
"timestamp": 3530101548,
"rssi": -54,
"channel_rssi": -54,
"snr": 9,
"location": {
"latitude": 51.12005,
"longitude": -114.04163,
"altitude": 1057,
"source": "SOURCE_REGISTRY"
},
"uplink_token": "CiYKJAoYcGljby1ndy02NDdmZGFmZmZlMDA0MDcxEghkf9r//gBAcRCspqSTDRoLCIL8ypcGELPijRIg4MfL097gAg==",
"received_at": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.037974323Z"
}
],
"received_at": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.038768445Z",
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"device_channel_index": 1,
"consumed_airtime": "0.370688s"
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-5-248.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23CE63GHFJD2XTDVCRS919"
},
{
"name": "ns.up.join.cluster.success",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.058685886Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.JoinResponse",
"raw_payload": "IF8MVUBkiSB9tEjFPW2DGBYc5IM40cx4SF4cDoarzThY",
"session_keys": {
"session_key_id": "AYKENjgAFqpeEp6z5r8Jrw=="
}
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-5-248.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23CE0AVWYTY9TT4V8QSXXP"
},
{
"name": "js.join.accept",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.058147315Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000",
"dev_addr": "260B4A64"
}
}
],
"correlation_ids": [
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.NsJs/HandleJoin:01GA23CDZT0YWQZSHZNYAWXGA5"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-15-50.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23CE0AE7HHJF39VQ8D2C9D"
},
{
"name": "ns.up.join.cluster.attempt",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.042335607Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.JoinRequest",
"raw_payload": "AAAAABCA2n9k7sYAAADaf2QCAJRTXcU=",
"payload": {
"m_hdr": {},
"mic": "lFNdxQ==",
"join_request_payload": {
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000",
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"dev_nonce": "0002"
}
},
"dev_addr": "260B4A64",
"selected_mac_version": "MAC_V1_0_4",
"net_id": "000013",
"downlink_settings": {
"rx2_dr": 2
},
"rx_delay": 5,
"cf_list": {},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"consumed_airtime": "0.370688s"
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-5-248.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23CDZT205TH9RQBKKF3FYZ"
},
{
"name": "ns.up.join.receive",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.041822587Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.UplinkMessage",
"raw_payload": "AAAAABCA2n9k7sYAAADaf2QCAJRTXcU=",
"payload": {
"m_hdr": {},
"mic": "lFNdxQ==",
"join_request_payload": {
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000",
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"dev_nonce": "0002"
}
},
"settings": {
"data_rate": {
"lora": {
"bandwidth": 125000,
"spreading_factor": 10
}
},
"coding_rate": "4/5",
"frequency": "923400000",
"timestamp": 3530101548
},
"rx_metadata": [
{
"gateway_ids": {
"gateway_id": "pico-gw-647fdafffe004071",
"eui": "647FDAFFFE004071"
},
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:21.963Z",
"timestamp": 3530101548,
"rssi": -54,
"channel_rssi": -54,
"snr": 9,
"location": {
"latitude": 51.12005,
"longitude": -114.04163,
"altitude": 1057,
"source": "SOURCE_REGISTRY"
},
"uplink_token": "CiYKJAoYcGljby1ndy02NDdmZGFmZmZlMDA0MDcxEghkf9r//gBAcRCspqSTDRoLCIL8ypcGELPijRIg4MfL097gAg==",
"received_at": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.037974323Z"
}
],
"received_at": "2022-08-09T20:05:22.038768445Z",
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"device_channel_index": 1,
"consumed_airtime": "0.370688s"
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23CDZP3DF20CHWJ08YEYBA",
"ns:uplink:01GA23CDZPADMSRWKXG126W4AK",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23CDZPPEE7Q4FXCX0YRBZZ"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-5-248.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23CDZS2GA033F9K6XCYG7B"
},
{
"name": "ns.down.join.schedule.fail",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:17.217836799Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.ErrorDetails",
"namespace": "pkg/gatewayserver",
"name": "schedule",
"message_format": "failed to schedule",
"correlation_id": "63b87f648f4b48da95380a23900beb9c",
"code": 10,
"details": [
{
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.ScheduleDownlinkErrorDetails",
"path_errors": [
{
"namespace": "pkg/gatewayserver",
"name": "schedule_path",
"message_format": "failed to schedule on path `{gateway_uid}`",
"attributes": {
"gateway_uid": "pico-gw-647fdafffe004071@ttn"
},
"correlation_id": "71e9874abb5142b7acc3f27989020687",
"cause": {
"namespace": "pkg/gatewayserver/io",
"name": "too_long",
"message_format": "the payload length `{payload_length}` exceeds maximum `{maximum_length}` at data rate `{data_rate}`",
"attributes": {
"data_rate": "lora:<bandwidth:125000 spreading_factor:10 > ",
"maximum_length": "24",
"payload_length": 33
},
"correlation_id": "e87ac654dd724aa19afecc7bf91fff54",
"code": 3
},
"code": 3
}
]
}
]
},
"correlation_ids": [
"gs:conn:01GA1QTMC5SY0BFKA1W67WHGQG",
"gs:up:host:01GA1QTMC9DX4SNJZF9D7QPR3J",
"gs:uplink:01GA23C7GJEZP47XPSQYVYT1GR",
"ns:downlink:01GA23C990JCXDG05Y9C2DTHN2",
"ns:transmission:01GA23C99060ZG5TACN7PPHGY5",
"ns:uplink:01GA23C7GK2Q11FC41KZZY2809",
"rpc:/ttn.lorawan.v3.GsNs/HandleUplink:01GA23C7GK2C6BC86FBTEVD3RJ"
],
"origin": "ip-10-100-5-248.eu-west-1.compute.internal",
"context": {
"tenant-id": "CgN0dG4="
},
"visibility": {
"rights": [
"RIGHT_APPLICATION_TRAFFIC_READ"
]
},
"unique_id": "01GA23C991EXSCG0X3QYHMFEP2"
},
{
"name": "ns.down.join.schedule.attempt",
"time": "2022-08-09T20:05:17.216354917Z",
"identifiers": [
{
"device_ids": {
"device_id": "t0007938-a3-2207j0044-otaa",
"application_ids": {
"application_id": "lorawan-testing"
},
"dev_eui": "647FDA000000C6EE",
"join_eui": "647FDA8010000000"
}
}
],
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/ttn.lorawan.v3.DownlinkMessage",
"raw_payload": "ILTwQaZaGhmTDDqrft1AsR0KzXxq3rimbZal0eoqUX0c",
"payload": {
"m_hdr": {
"m_type": "JOIN_ACCEPT"
},
"join_accept_payload": {
"net_id": "000013",
"dev_addr": "260B0D2A",
"dl_settings": {
"rx2_dr": 2
},
"rx_delay": 5,
"cf_list": {}
}
},
"request": {
"downlink_paths": [
{
"uplink_token": "CiYKJAoYcGljby1ndy02NDdmZGFmZmZlMDA0MDcxEghkf9r//gBAcRCEspmQDRoMCPv7ypcGEIWZ98MBIKDvrsbG4AI="
}
],
"rx1_delay": 5,
"rx1_data_rate": {
"lora": {
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}
},
{
"time": "2022-08-09T20:04:26.133Z",
"name": "synthetic.status.cleared",
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}
]
URL
No response
Deployment
The Things Stack Community Edition
The Things Stack Version
v3.21.0
Client Name and Version
N/A
Other Information
Screenshot showing channel plan configuration for end-device:
Screenshot showing channel plan configuration for gateway:
Some quick tests confirmed that the same problem affects AS923-2, AS923-3, and AS923-4.
Proposed Fix
N/A
Contributing
- [X] I can help by doing more research.
- [ ] I can help by implementing a fix after the proposal above is approved.
- [X] I can help by testing the fix before it's released.
Code of Conduct
- [X] I agree to follow TTN's Community Code of Conduct.
