Add hash map

[Cjkjvfnby]

Describe your change:

Add hash map data structure.

Another name for a hash map is a hash table. And there is a file with such name.

The difference with hash_table.py file.

• hash_table.HashTable implements API similar to Hash Set, it works only with values. My implementation implement MutableMapping ](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.MutableMapping)interface
• hash_table.HashTable uses a Python dictionary under the hood: self._keys: dict = {}. My implementation does not use another implementation of a hash map inside.

• [x] Add an algorithm?
• [ ] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• [ ] Documentation change?

Checklist:

• [ ] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• [x] I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• [x] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• [x] All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [x] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [x] All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• [ ] If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[Cjkjvfnby]

@cclauss, Could I have a review?