Create maximum_subsequence.py

[pronoym99]

Describe your change:

Add an algorithm for the maximum_subsequence_sum in an array inline with the existing maximum_subarray in the other directory.

• [x] Add an algorithm?
• [ ] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• [ ] Documentation change?

Checklist:

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my work -- I have not plagiarized.
• [x] I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• [x] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• [x] All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [x] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [ ] All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• [ ] If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[pronoym99]

@CaedenPH Please have a look at the updated code. It is pending for a long time. I have also added appropriate doctests as requested.