Add Project Euler problem 78

[darkstar]

Describe your change:

This PR adds a solution for Project Euler problem 78 (https://projecteuler.net/problem=78)

• [x] Add an algorithm?
• [ ] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• [ ] Documentation change?

Checklist:

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• [x] I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• [x] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• [x] All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [x] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [x] All new algorithms have a URL in its comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanation.
• [ ] If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[dhruvmanila]

Please improve the variable naming convention.

All uppercase letters signify a constant, but those aren't. Also, provide descriptive variable names irrespective of the names mentioned in the problem statement.

[stale[bot]]

This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.

[cclauss]

In preparation for that denial-of-service attack that is Hacktoberfest, I am closing all pull requests that do not have descriptive variable names.