docs: add Quick Links section to README

[prasanth-30011]

Added quick links section for easier navigation.

• [ ] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [ ] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• [ ] All filenames are in PascalCase.
• [ ] All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• [ ] All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• [ ] All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java