refactor: Enhance docs, add tests in `MinPriorityQueue`

[Hardvan]

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• [x] All filenames are in PascalCase.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• [x] All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• [x] All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 75.00000% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 69.41%. Comparing base (6684a69) to head (3a5b0bd).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...orithms/datastructures/heaps/MinPriorityQueue.java	75.00%	3 Missing and 2 partials :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5986      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     69.11%   69.41%   +0.29%     
- Complexity     4667     4684      +17     
============================================
  Files           624      624              
  Lines         17156    17143      -13     
  Branches       3309     3305       -4     
============================================
+ Hits          11858    11899      +41     
+ Misses         4845     4789      -56     
- Partials        453      455       +2     

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