Implement rotated_search and iterative exponential binary search functions

[GziXnine]

This pull request adds two new features to the project:

1 - Implement rotated_search function: Introduces a new function rotated_search in rotated_search.c for efficiently searching in rotated sorted arrays. The function is implemented following the algorithm described in the GeeksforGeeks article linked in the file header. Self-test cases are included to validate the correctness of the implementation. 2 - Implement iterative exponential binary search following C standard: Adds an implementation of iterative exponential binary search in a separate commit. The implementation adheres to the C standard and provides efficient searching capabilities. Each commit is structured following the commit guidelines provided.