Create adaptive_merge_sort.cpp

[anant-jain01]

Description of Change

Checklist

• [x] Added description of change
• [x] Added file name matches File name guidelines
• [x] Added tests and example, test must pass
• [x] Added documentation so that the program is self-explanatory and educational - Doxygen guidelines
• [x] Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
• [x] PR title follows semantic commit guidelines
• [x] Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
• [x] I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.

Notes: Adaptive merge sort code

[anant-jain01]

@Panquesito7 @realstealthninja please do the needful

[anant-jain01]

@realstealthninja @Panquesito7 please recheck and approve under hacktoberfest tag...

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