Issue being behind firewall
So I believe the problem is with my company's current firewall setup but I would like to get your opinion before dedicating 10+ hours to solve the unsolvable.
Currently I have several web services behind the same ip address proxied by a firewall:
- web1.company.net
- web2.company.net
- web3.company.net
- and so on...
Now, I have ssh access to these VMs only when connected to the company's VPN.
Whenever I'm connected to the VPN the HTTPS works perfectly (I basically see the closed lock next to the link).
Whenever I disconnect the VPN connection and test the same website I get the following:
I also tried to check the certificate chains.
When under VPN I get the correct certificate chain:

When I'm not connected to the VPN I believe, I don't get the correct certificate:

Any clue?
As you said yourself, it looks like your company's firewall is doing something to the HTTPS certificate. I think you should talk to your company's IT support to figure out what the policy is.