starrocks [BugFix] Fix mv union rewrite handling null partition bugs

Why I'm doing:

MV union rewrite may lose null partitions after rewrite which may cause result inconsistent with no rewrite;
MV union rewrite may cause bad plan with losing necessary columns.

What I'm doing:

This pull request introduces enhancements to the materialized view rewriting logic by replacing the use of CompoundPredicateOperator.not with a new utility class, NegateFilterShuttle, and improving the handling of enforced non-existent columns during query rewriting. These changes aim to make the codebase more modular, maintainable, and robust.

Refactoring for Predicate Negation:

Replaced the use of CompoundPredicateOperator.not with the NegateFilterShuttle utility class for negating predicates in AggregatedTimeSeriesRewriter and MaterializedViewRewriter. This improves modularity and reusability of predicate negation logic. ([[1]](diffhunk://#diff-58483d5aceb932787d60c442258da89f2f2cf7a812e2d626d4760eafc9700000L656-R658), [[2]](diffhunk://#diff-928c7b191892f7924196f34f738f512fb867cce2c78828d6f59fde45d69321cbL1996-R2007))

Enhanced Handling of Enforced Non-Existent Columns:

Improved the logic for pruning enforced non-existent columns by introducing a more robust mechanism to filter and handle these columns in the MaterializedViewRewriter. This includes modifying the pruneEnforcedColumns and doPruneEnforcedColumns methods to accept and process a set of enforced non-existent columns. ([fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/sql/optimizer/rule/transformation/materialization/MaterializedViewRewriter.javaR2020-R2064](diffhunk://#diff-928c7b191892f7924196f34f738f512fb867cce2c78828d6f59fde45d69321cbR2020-R2064))

Minor Fixes and Adjustments:

Added a fallback to handle cases where a column is missing in mvProjection by defaulting to a NULL value in the doUnionRewrite method. ([fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/sql/optimizer/rule/transformation/materialization/MaterializedViewRewriter.javaL2270-R2285](diffhunk://#diff-928c7b191892f7924196f34f738f512fb867cce2c78828d6f59fde45d69321cbL2270-R2285))

Fixes https://github.com/StarRocks/StarRocksTest/pull/9829

What type of PR is this:

[x] BugFix
[ ] Feature
[ ] Enhancement
[ ] Refactor
[ ] UT
[ ] Doc
[ ] Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

[ ] Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
[x] No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

[ ] Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
[ ] Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
[ ] Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
[ ] Feature removed
[ ] Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

[x] I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
[ ] This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
- [ ] I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
[ ] This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

[x] I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
- [x] 3.5
- [x] 3.4
- [x] 3.3

Jun 19 '25 11:06 LiShuMing

Quality Gate passed

Issues
13 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

Jun 21 '25 01:06 sonarqubecloud[bot]

[Java-Extensions Incremental Coverage Report]

:white_check_mark: pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

Jun 21 '25 02:06 github-actions[bot]

[FE Incremental Coverage Report]

:x: fail : 31 / 43 (72.09%)

file detail

	path	covered_line	new_line	coverage	not_covered_line_detail
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/sql/optimizer/rule/transformation/materialization/MaterializedViewRewriter.java	21	33	63.64%	[2032, 2046, 2049, 2054, 2056, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2061, 2062, 2063, 2064]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/sql/optimizer/Utils.java	6	6	100.00%	[]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/sql/optimizer/rule/transformation/materialization/AggregatedTimeSeriesRewriter.java	4	4	100.00%	[]