[BugFix] fix cloud table compaction task concurrency issue

[starrocks-xupeng]

Why I'm doing:

fix https://github.com/StarRocks/starrocks/issues/43786

What I'm doing:

1. when get from queue, check queue idx again in case it's invalid after compaction thread decreases
2. when put into queue, make it atomic

What type of PR is this:

• [x] BugFix
• [ ] Feature
• [ ] Enhancement
• [ ] Refactor
• [ ] UT
• [ ] Doc
• [ ] Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• [ ] Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• [x] No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• [ ] Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• [ ] Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• [ ] Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• [ ] Feature removed
• [ ] Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• [ ] I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• [ ] This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • [ ] I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• [ ] This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• [x] I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • [x] 3.3
  • [x] 3.2
  • [x] 3.1
  • [ ] 3.0
  • [ ] 2.5

[github-actions[bot]]

[FE Incremental Coverage Report]

:white_check_mark: pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

[github-actions[bot]]

[BE Incremental Coverage Report]

:x: fail : 13 / 20 (65.00%)

file detail

	path	covered_line	new_line	coverage	not_covered_line_detail
:large_blue_circle:	be/src/storage/lake/compaction_scheduler.h	8	13	61.54%	[281, 293, 308, 326, 329]
:large_blue_circle:	be/src/storage/lake/compaction_scheduler.cpp	5	7	71.43%	[331, 387]

[github-actions[bot]]

@Mergifyio backport branch-3.3

[github-actions[bot]]

@Mergifyio backport branch-3.2

[github-actions[bot]]

@Mergifyio backport branch-3.1

[mergify[bot]]

backport branch-3.3

✅ Backports have been created

• #45521 [BugFix] fix cloud table compaction task concurrency issue (backport #45289) has been created for branch branch-3.3

[mergify[bot]]

backport branch-3.2

✅ Backports have been created

• #45522 [BugFix] fix cloud table compaction task concurrency issue (backport #45289) has been created for branch branch-3.2

[mergify[bot]]

backport branch-3.1

✅ Backports have been created

• #45523 [BugFix] fix cloud table compaction task concurrency issue (backport #45289) has been created for branch branch-3.1 but encountered conflicts

[starrocks-xupeng]

https://github.com/StarRocks/starrocks/pull/45525 branch-3.1

[starrocks-xupeng]

https://github.com/StarRocks/starrocks/pull/45529 branch-3.2

[starrocks-xupeng]

https://github.com/StarRocks/starrocks/pull/45530 branch-3.3