SE: Avoid FPs in concurrent code

[Tim-Pohlmann]

Concurrent code can easily cause FPs in our symbolic execution engine. E.g.:

class ErrorLogger
{
    public Queue<Exception> Queue { get; set; }
    
    public async Task Start()
    {
        Queue = new();
        
        do
        {
            await Task.Delay(1000);
            if (Queue.Dequeue() is { } exception)    // FP: S4158
                Console.WriteLine(exception);
        }
        while (true);
    }
}

We should investigate approaches to increase our precision for concurrent code.

Some ideas:

• Disable rules when specific code patterns are found.
  • lock - we already do this for S2583/S2589
  • async - this is most likely too broad
  • concurrent collections
• Do not learn/forget constraints for specific data types like concurrent collections.
• Do not track fields and properties for async methods and methods that include lock statements. This would fix the example above.