cartopy
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SciTools
indicate_inset_zoom not working on some projections
Description
On most non-standard projections (like TransverseMercator) the connectors to an inset axis are not drawn correctly.
Code to reproduce
map_proj = ccrs.TransverseMercator()
fig, ax = plt.subplots(
figsize=(15, 15),
subplot_kw={
"projection": map_proj
},
)
ax.set_extent([-50, 15, 50, 70], crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'), facecolor="lightsteelblue", zorder=1)
ax.coastlines(linewidth=0.2, zorder=2, resolution='50m')
# Add inset
inset_ax = inset_axes(
ax,
width="30%", # Width as a percentage of the parent axes
height="30%", # Height as a percentage of the parent axes
loc='lower left', # Location of the inset
bbox_to_anchor=(0, 0, 1, 1),
bbox_transform=ax.transAxes,
axes_class=GeoAxes,
axes_kwargs=dict(projection=map_proj)
)
inset_extent = [-43, -39, 63, 66]
inset_ax.set_extent(inset_extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
# Add features to inset
inset_ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN, facecolor="lightsteelblue", zorder=1)
inset_ax.coastlines(linewidth=0.5, zorder=2, resolution='50m')
# Add box around location of inset map on the main map
x = [inset_extent[0], inset_extent[1], inset_extent[1], inset_extent[0], inset_extent[0]]
y = [inset_extent[2], inset_extent[2], inset_extent[3], inset_extent[3], inset_extent[2]]
ax.plot(x, y, color='k', alpha=0.5, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())
# Draw lines between inset map and box on main map
rect, connectors = ax.indicate_inset_zoom(inset_ax, edgecolor="black", alpha=0.5, transform=ax.transAxes)
produces this
However, for some projections like Mercator or PlateCarree, it works
Full environment definition
Cartopy version
0.24.0
conda list
# Name Version Build Channel
aemet-opendata 0.5.4 pypi_0 pypi
aenum 3.1.15 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
affine 2.4.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
aiohttp 3.9.5 py312h41838bb_0 conda-forge
aiosignal 1.3.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
annotated-types 0.7.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
anyio 4.6.0 pyhd8ed1ab_1 conda-forge
appdirs 1.4.4 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
appnope 0.1.4 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
argon2-cffi 23.1.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
argon2-cffi-bindings 21.2.0 py312hb553811_5 conda-forge
arrow 1.3.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
asciitree 0.3.3 py_2 conda-forge
asttokens 2.4.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
async-lru 2.0.4 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
attrs 24.2.0 pyh71513ae_0 conda-forge
aws-c-auth 0.7.30 h0e83244_0 conda-forge
aws-c-cal 0.7.4 h8128ea2_1 conda-forge
aws-c-common 0.9.28 h00291cd_0 conda-forge
aws-c-compression 0.2.19 h8128ea2_1 conda-forge
aws-c-event-stream 0.4.3 hcd1ed9e_2 conda-forge
aws-c-http 0.8.9 h2f86973_0 conda-forge
aws-c-io 0.14.18 hf9a0f1c_10 conda-forge
aws-c-mqtt 0.10.5 h3e3652f_0 conda-forge
aws-c-s3 0.6.5 hf761692_5 conda-forge
aws-c-sdkutils 0.1.19 h8128ea2_3 conda-forge
aws-checksums 0.1.20 h8128ea2_0 conda-forge
aws-crt-cpp 0.28.2 heb037f6_6 conda-forge
aws-sdk-cpp 1.11.379 hd82b0e1_10 conda-forge
azure-core-cpp 1.13.0 hf8dbe3c_0 conda-forge
azure-identity-cpp 1.8.0 h60298e3_2 conda-forge
azure-storage-blobs-cpp 12.12.0 h646f05d_0 conda-forge
azure-storage-common-cpp 12.7.0 hf91904f_1 conda-forge
azure-storage-files-datalake-cpp 12.11.0 h14965f0_1 conda-forge
babel 2.14.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
backports-datetime-fromisoformat 2.0.2 py312hb401068_0 conda-forge
basemap 1.4.1 np126py312hb3450bc_0 conda-forge
basemap-data 1.3.2 pyhd8ed1ab_3 conda-forge
basemap-data-hires 1.3.2 pyhd8ed1ab_3 conda-forge
beautifulsoup4 4.12.3 pyha770c72_0 conda-forge
bleach 6.1.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
blinker 1.8.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
blosc 1.21.6 h7d75f6d_0 conda-forge
bokeh 3.5.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
boltons 24.0.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
boto3 1.35.34 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
botocore 1.35.34 pyge310_1234567_0 conda-forge
bottleneck 1.4.0 py312h3a11e2b_2 conda-forge
branca 0.7.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
brotli 1.1.0 h00291cd_2 conda-forge
brotli-bin 1.1.0 h00291cd_2 conda-forge
brotli-python 1.1.0 py312h5861a67_2 conda-forge
bzip2 1.0.8 hfdf4475_7 conda-forge
c-ares 1.33.1 h44e7173_0 conda-forge
ca-certificates 2024.8.30 h8857fd0_0 conda-forge
cached-property 1.5.2 hd8ed1ab_1 conda-forge
cached_property 1.5.2 pyha770c72_1 conda-forge
cachelib 0.9.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cachetools 5.5.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cachier 3.0.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cairo 1.18.0 h37bd5c4_3 conda-forge
cartopy 0.24.0 py312h98e817e_0 conda-forge
cctools_osx-64 973.0.1 habff3f6_15 conda-forge
cdo 2.4.1 h70e7d24_1 conda-forge
certifi 2024.8.30 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cf_xarray 0.9.5 pyhd8ed1ab_1 conda-forge
cffi 1.17.1 py312hf857d28_0 conda-forge
cfgrib 0.9.14.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cfitsio 4.4.1 ha105788_0 conda-forge
cftime 1.6.4 py312h3a11e2b_1 conda-forge
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clang 15.0.7 hdae98eb_5 conda-forge
clang-15 15.0.7 default_h7151d67_5 conda-forge
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clang_osx-64 15.0.7 hb91bd55_8 conda-forge
clangxx 15.0.7 default_h7151d67_5 conda-forge
clangxx_impl_osx-64 15.0.7 h2133e9c_8 conda-forge
clangxx_osx-64 15.0.7 hb91bd55_8 conda-forge
click 8.1.7 unix_pyh707e725_0 conda-forge
click-params 0.5.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
click-plugins 1.1.1 py_0 conda-forge
cligj 0.7.2 pyhd8ed1ab_1 conda-forge
cloudpickle 3.0.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cloup 3.0.5 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cmdstan 2.33.1 ha749d2a_0 conda-forge
cmdstanpy 1.2.4 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cmweather 0.3.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
colorama 0.4.6 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
colorcet 3.1.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
comm 0.2.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
compiler-rt 15.0.7 ha38d28d_2 conda-forge
compiler-rt_osx-64 15.0.7 ha38d28d_2 conda-forge
configobj 5.0.9 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
contourpy 1.3.0 py312hc5c4d5f_2 conda-forge
convertdate 2.4.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
copernicusmarine 1.3.3 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cycler 0.12.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
cyrus-sasl 2.1.27 hf9bab2b_7 conda-forge
cytoolz 1.0.0 py312hb553811_0 conda-forge
dash 2.18.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dash-bootstrap-components 1.6.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dash-iconify 0.1.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dash-leaflet 1.0.15 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dash-mantine-components 0.14.4 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dask 2024.9.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dask-core 2024.9.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dask-expr 1.1.15 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dataclasses 0.8 pyhc8e2a94_3 conda-forge
debugpy 1.8.6 py312h5861a67_0 conda-forge
decorator 5.1.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
defusedxml 0.7.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
deprecated 1.2.14 pyh1a96a4e_0 conda-forge
deprecation 2.1.0 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
dill 0.3.9 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
diskcache 5.6.3 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
distributed 2024.9.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
distro 1.9.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
dnspython 2.7.0 pyhff2d567_0 conda-forge
docopt 0.6.2 py_1 conda-forge
docopt-ng 0.9.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
donfig 0.8.1.post1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
eccodes 2.38.0 he0f85d2_0 conda-forge
ecmwf-opendata 0.3.10 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
entrypoints 0.4 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
environs 11.0.0 pyhd8ed1ab_1 conda-forge
ephem 4.1.5 py312hb553811_2 conda-forge
eumdac 2.2.3 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
eval-type-backport 0.2.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
eval_type_backport 0.2.0 pyha770c72_0 conda-forge
exceptiongroup 1.2.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
executing 2.1.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
expat 2.6.3 hac325c4_0 conda-forge
fasteners 0.17.3 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
fftw 3.3.10 nompi_h292e606_110 conda-forge
filelock 3.16.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
findlibs 0.0.5 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
fiona 1.9.6 py312hfc836c0_3 conda-forge
flask 3.0.3 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
flask-caching 2.1.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
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flexparser 0.3.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
fmt 11.0.2 h3c5361c_0 conda-forge
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fontconfig 2.14.2 h5bb23bf_0 conda-forge
fonts-conda-ecosystem 1 0 conda-forge
fonts-conda-forge 1 0 conda-forge
fonttools 4.54.1 py312hb553811_0 conda-forge
fqdn 1.5.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
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frozenlist 1.4.1 py312hb553811_1 conda-forge
fsspec 2024.9.0 pyhff2d567_0 conda-forge
gdal 3.9.1 py312h9b1be66_3 conda-forge
geobuf 1.1.1 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
geographiclib 2.0 pypi_0 pypi
geopandas 1.0.1 pyhd8ed1ab_1 conda-forge
geopandas-base 1.0.1 pyha770c72_1 conda-forge
geopy 2.4.1 pypi_0 pypi
geos 3.12.1 h93d8f39_0 conda-forge
geotiff 1.7.3 h4bbec01_2 conda-forge
gettext 0.22.5 hdfe23c8_3 conda-forge
gettext-tools 0.22.5 hdfe23c8_3 conda-forge
gflags 2.2.2 hac325c4_1005 conda-forge
giflib 5.2.2 h10d778d_0 conda-forge
glog 0.7.1 h2790a97_0 conda-forge
gmp 6.3.0 hf036a51_2 conda-forge
gmpy2 2.1.5 py312h165121d_2 conda-forge
graphite2 1.3.13 h73e2aa4_1003 conda-forge
h11 0.14.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
h2 4.1.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
h5netcdf 1.3.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
h5py 3.11.0 nompi_py312hfc94b03_102 conda-forge
harfbuzz 9.0.0 h098a298_1 conda-forge
hdf4 4.2.15 h8138101_7 conda-forge
hdf5 1.14.3 nompi_h687a608_105 conda-forge
hdf5plugin 5.0.0 py312h54c024f_0 conda-forge
holidays 0.57 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
holoviews 1.19.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
hpack 4.0.0 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
html5lib 1.1 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
httpcore 1.0.6 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
httpx 0.27.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
hvplot 0.11.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
hyperframe 6.0.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
icu 75.1 h120a0e1_0 conda-forge
idna 3.10 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
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importlib_metadata 8.5.0 hd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
importlib_resources 6.4.5 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
ipykernel 6.29.5 pyh57ce528_0 conda-forge
ipython 8.28.0 pyh707e725_0 conda-forge
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jmespath 1.0.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge
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mpc 1.3.1 h9d8efa1_1 conda-forge
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Matplotlib has two versions of inset_axes. You appear to be using the axes_grid version. There is also an axes method version. indicate_axes_zoom is designed to work with Axes.inset_axes whereas the axes_grid version has mark_inset which does a similar job. I have also been confused by this.
I doubt either way will work with Cartopy transforms but, to understand what needs to be done to make it work, we should start with an example that uses the right pair of functions. I suggest that Axes.inset_axes and Axes.indicate_inset_zoom would be the better ones to work with since they are newer, in the main Matplotlib package, and have had recent active development.
Matplotlib has two versions of
inset_axes. You appear to be using the axes_grid version. There is also an axes method version.indicate_axes_zoomis designed to work withAxes.inset_axeswhereas theaxes_gridversion has mark_inset which does a similar job. I have also been confused by this.I doubt either way will work with Cartopy transforms but, to understand what needs to be done to make it work, we should start with an example that uses the right pair of functions. I suggest that
Axes.inset_axesandAxes.indicate_inset_zoomwould be the better ones to work with since they are newer, in the main Matplotlib package, and have had recent active development.
Thanks, unfortunately the version with the right inset_axes still doesn't work (hope I'm using it correctly, otherwise do let me know how I can modify the example)
map_proj = ccrs.TransverseMercator(
)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(
figsize=(15, 15),
subplot_kw={
"projection": map_proj
},
)
ax.set_extent([-50, 15, 50, 70], crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'), facecolor="lightsteelblue", zorder=1)
ax.coastlines(linewidth=0.2, zorder=2)
inset_ax = ax.inset_axes(
(0.05, 0.05, 0.3, 0.3),
projection=map_proj
)
inset_extent = [-44, -38, 63, 66]
inset_ax.set_extent(inset_extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
inset_ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN, facecolor="lightsteelblue", zorder=1)
x = [inset_extent[0], inset_extent[1], inset_extent[1], inset_extent[0], inset_extent[0]]
y = [inset_extent[2], inset_extent[2], inset_extent[3], inset_extent[3], inset_extent[2]]
ax.plot(x, y, color='k', alpha=0.5, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())
# # Draw lines between inset map and box on main map
rect, connectors = ax.indicate_inset_zoom(inset_ax, edgecolor="black", alpha=0.5, transform=ax.transAxes)
I just tried to remove the the transform from the indicate_inset_zoom and I get this hybrid behaviour. I think in the first plot matplotlib is trying to connect some vertices of the non-transformed bounding box.
Just for context, I was using this example https://predictablysunny.com/posts/inset_map_cartopy/ which was also using the mpl_toolkits version
I just tried to remove the the transform from the indicate_inset_zoom and I get this hybrid behaviour. I think in the first plot matplotlib is trying to connect some vertices of the non-transformed bounding box.
Actually I think this is the correct behaviour: since both your main axes and your inset axes are in the same projection, the indicator box should not be transformed. The indicator box is showing the actual extent of the inset axes, which encompasses (but does not match) what you set with set_extent. That may be more obvious if you repeat the call to plot in the inset axes.
With a few tweaks in Matplotlib, we can have more interesting combinations https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/pull/29174