rt-thread [opt]add i2c config in stm32 lib

Resolves #10635

拉取/合并请求描述：(PR description)

[ 本PR增强了STM32硬件I2C驱动（drv_hard_i2c），支持在运行时通过控制接口动态调整I2C速率，并在开启DMA的情况下安全地重建DMA与中断配置，避免通信异常。同时清理了无效/未实现的占空比设置项，统一英文注释，并将控制宏移动到头文件，整体风格与现有代码保持一致。

为什么提交这份PR (why to submit this PR)

现有驱动在初始化时固定速率，运行期无法调整；

你的解决方案是什么 (what is your solution)

新增运行时速率设置路径：通过 i2c_bus->ops->i2c_bus_control(bus, I2C_CTRL_SET_SPEED, &speed) 调整速率。
在 HAL_I2C_Init 之后，若启用DMA，按系统启动流程完整重建 DMA RX/TX 句柄、__HAL_LINKDMA、DMA NVIC 以及 I2C 事件中断 NVIC，保证DMA场景稳定。
将 I2C_CTRL_SET_SPEED 宏迁移至头文件 drv_hard_i2c.h，便于外部调用与统一管理。
将新增、修改处的注释改为英文，并按文件原有风格格式化。

主要变更点：

drv_hard_i2c.h
- 新增宏：#define I2C_CTRL_SET_SPEED (0x01U)
drv_hard_i2c.c
- 新增函数：stm32_i2c_set_speed()（含DMA/IRQ重配置）
- 控制接口：stm32_i2c_control() 仅支持 I2C_CTRL_SET_SPEED
- 删除占空比控制分支与相关注释（未实现路径）
- 注释英文化、代码风格统一

请提供验证的bsp和config (provide the config and bsp)

BSP:
- [请填写实际验证BSP路径，如] bsp/stm32/stm32f411-weact 或 bsp/stm32/stm32f429-st-discovery
.config:
- CONFIG_BSP_USING_I2C=y
- CONFIG_BSP_USING_HARD_I2C1=y
- CONFIG_BSP_I2C1_SPEED=400000
- [如启用DMA则] CONFIG_BSP_I2C1_RX_USING_DMA=y、CONFIG_BSP_I2C1_TX_USING_DMA=y
action:
- [请填写你仓库该PR分支的CI编译链接] ]

当前拉取/合并请求的状态 Intent for your PR

必须选择一项 Choose one (Mandatory):

[ ] 本拉取/合并请求是一个草稿版本 This PR is for a code-review and is intended to get feedback
[ ] 本拉取/合并请求是一个成熟版本 This PR is mature, and ready to be integrated into the repo

代码质量 Code Quality：

我在这个拉取/合并请求中已经考虑了 As part of this pull request, I've considered the following:

[x] 已经仔细查看过代码改动的对比 Already check the difference between PR and old code
[x] 代码风格正确，包括缩进空格，命名及其他风格 Style guide is adhered to, including spacing, naming and other styles
[x] 没有垃圾代码，代码尽量精简，不包含#if 0代码，不包含已经被注释了的代码 All redundant code is removed and cleaned up
[x] 所有变更均有原因及合理的，并且不会影响到其他软件组件代码或BSP All modifications are justified and not affect other components or BSP
[x] 对难懂代码均提供对应的注释 I've commented appropriately where code is tricky
[x] 代码是高质量的 Code in this PR is of high quality
[x] 已经使用formatting等工具确保格式符合RT-Thread代码规范 This PR complies with RT-Thread code specification
[ ] 如果是新增bsp, 已经添加ci检查到 .github/ALL_BSP_COMPILE.json

Aug 25 '25 10:08 vangao-gg

Thank you for your submission! We really appreciate it. Like many open source projects, we ask that you sign our Contributor License Agreement before we can accept your contribution.
_{You have signed the CLA already but the status is still pending? Let us recheck it.}

Aug 25 '25 10:08 CLAassistant

📌 Code Review Assignment

🏷️ Tag: bsp_stm32

Reviewers: Liang1795 hamburger-os wdfk-prog

Changed Files (Click to expand)

bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_hard_i2c.c
bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_hard_i2c.h

📊 Current Review Status (Last Updated: 2025-08-25 18:28 CST)

⌛ Liang1795 Pending Review
⌛ hamburger-os Pending Review
⌛ wdfk-prog Pending Review

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Aug 25 '25 10:08 github-actions[bot]

https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread/blob/fabe5646ab94d1b104d12ec27b8767232f53eab7/bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_hard_i2c.c#L203

这里可以加一个断言判断是否空指针

https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread/blob/fabe5646ab94d1b104d12ec27b8767232f53eab7/bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_hard_i2c.c#L367

https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread/blob/fabe5646ab94d1b104d12ec27b8767232f53eab7/bsp/stm32/libraries/HAL_Drivers/drivers/drv_hard_i2c.c#L392

这个格式好像没对齐,可以帮忙对齐一下

Aug 25 '25 13:08 wdfk-prog