Improve exception handling when logs are restricted

[ElePT]

Steps to reproduce the problem

What is the current behavior?

Calling job.logs() while running a catalog function where a user doesn't have access to logs results in an almost opaque exception with a truncated message.

What is the expected behavior?

A relevant message should be shown.

[Tansito]

Similar to https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-serverless/issues/1772 this issue is probably related the work done in https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-serverless/pull/1681 filtering logs. We should probably take a look into how we are doing it.