[ EPIC ] refactor docs using "Qiskit Patterns"

[javabster]

### Tasks
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/907
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/30
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/1297
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/1301
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/910
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/925
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/1299
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/1298
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/903
- [ ] #924
- [ ] #839
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/908
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/901
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/906
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/905
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/927
- [ ] #900
- [ ] https://github.com/Qiskit/documentation/issues/902
- [ ] update ibm.com/quantum/qiskit to replace code component with patterns

Update: May 2024

• after some back and forth we are going with a different direction for the patterns revamp
• instead we will have the same homepage as before, just with the primary boxes replaced with pattern step names
• instead of having multiple tabs for each pattern step, we will have a single tab called "Guides" that will include a mixture of tools and workflow steps

Existing Docs for reference:

some more in depth explanation of patterns: https://www.ibm.com/quantum/blog/qiskit-patterns

[Eric-Arellano]

I removed the infra label to keep our project tracker more organized. If we do end up creating new sections, let's open a dedicated infra ticket.

[Eric-Arellano]

All the content changes have been made and there is only a little infra work remaining, which is tracked in close source. Congrats!