PyPSA
Fix Fischer-Tropsch efficiency
According to IEA's 2018 report The Future of Petrochemicals, the feedstock requirements are not very fussy, it's more about cost: "Modern chemistry and industrial processing permits most energy products to be converted into most primary chemicals" "Despite this innovation and flexibility, not all routes are equally competitive, which explains the dominance of fossil fuels in today’s demand for chemical feedstock. Ethane (North America and the Middle East) and naphtha (Europe and Asia) are the principal feedstocks used to make HVCs, whereas natural gas is the key input for producing methanol and ammonia globally, except in the People’s Republic of China, 6 where coal is dominant for both."
We currently have in Marta's and Kun's schemes 612 TWh/a kerosene for aviation, 765 TWh/a naphtha for industry (could also be other FT products). These are lumped together as "Fischer-Tropsch products", i.e. 44% kerosene, with rest going to petrochemicals. This ratio seems possible with Fischer-Tropsch. Currently we have 80% efficiency from H2 (+ CO2) -> FT products, i.e. 64% from electricity (+ CO2) to FT products, which agrees with Lechtenbohmer. I think this is OK?
Actually Lechtenböhmer et al has 64% elec->FT based on an integrated SOEC+FT (i.e. using waste heat from FT to supply SOEC, based on Öko-Institut Blanck et al report from 2013), rather than a two-step process elec->H2->FT. They only have 71% efficiency for electrolysis.
Difficult to decide: it's useful to decouple H2 production from Sabatier and FT, so that we only run H2 when electricity is cheap, but can run Sabatier and FT 24/7. But then we can't use waste heat productively for electrolysis in SOEC...
44% kerosene seems feasible according to Sie 1991 where the variation in the process can yield to either 25% or 50% kerosene.
I would say we need to decouple H2 production so that it can be produced when electricity is cheap because H2 can be used for many different applications in the model.
