:construction: A compiler native Decomposition Graph Solver in C++

[maliasadi]

Context: Prototype PL's DecompositionGraph in C++ for integration with the Catalyst core compiler

Benefits:

• Construct and solve the decomposition graph in MLIR instead of Python
• Avoid Python/JAX overheads related to the graph across PL/Catalyst (PRs 6966 and 2029)
• Faster graph construction (we can cache the static part of the graph and reuse it in the core compiler) and solver (it's in C++ avoiding Python/PL overheads)

Possible Drawbacks:

• Feature parity with PL's DecompositionGraph
• Support dynamic decomposition rules

Related to: https://github.com/PennyLaneAI/catalyst/pull/2062