Implement Cairo Zero Builtins

[rodrigo-pino]

Builtins are an essential part of a Cairo VM. They allow to perform specific tasks cheaper than if done with just CASM.

A Builtin is a specialized segment which could perform special operations when reading or writing to it. The following is a list of builtins we need to implement:

• [x] Output #98
• [x] Range Check #98
• [x] Pedersen #98
• [x] #145
• [x] Keccak #130
• [x] Bitwise #98
• [x] #156
• [ ] #157

Builtins should be implemented in the builtin package, at "pkg/vm/builtins/your_builtin.go".

When working on any of this:

• a dedicated issue should be created and linked here
• the dedicated issue (and not the PR) should have a message explaining how the builtin works, if possible