[FEA]: Enable exceptions by default

[PointKernel]

Is this a duplicate?

• [x] I confirmed there appear to be no duplicate issues for this request and that I agree to the Code of Conduct

Area

libcu++

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

Originally posted by @kroburg at https://github.com/NVIDIA/cuCollections/issues/589

cuda::stream_ref::wait can throw exceptions

void wait() const
{
  _CCCL_TRY_CUDA_API(::cudaStreamSynchronize, "Failed to synchronize stream.", get());
}

_CCCL_NORETURN inline _LIBCUDACXX_INLINE_VISIBILITY void __throw_cuda_error(::cudaError_t, const char*)
{
  _CUDA_VSTD_NOVERSION::terminate();
}

but throw terminates normally with a return value of 0.

_CCCL_NORETURN inline _LIBCUDACXX_INLINE_VISIBILITY void terminate() noexcept
{
  __cccl_terminate();
  _LIBCUDACXX_UNREACHABLE();
}

_CCCL_NORETURN inline _LIBCUDACXX_INLINE_VISIBILITY void __cccl_terminate() noexcept
{
  NV_IF_ELSE_TARGET(NV_IS_HOST, (::std::exit(0);), (__trap();))
  _LIBCUDACXX_UNREACHABLE();
}

CCCL disables exceptions by default, meaning that most APIs that are expected to throw exceptions never throw. One reason for this is that destructors should never throw exceptions (#683). Could we revisit this decision and consider enabling exceptions by default?

Describe the solution you'd like

Enable exceptions and find a proper way to "throw".

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Additional context

Not sure about the scope of this request, this could be a general CCCL feature request.