Update "C++ standard library header files" topic

[Rageking8]

I didn't add the new headers to the msvc-140 table, since it's very different from the top one, and I don't think there is much value in maintaining a custom table for an old version like VS2015. I have thoughts on removing the msvc-140 table and cleaning up the moniker range thing we currently have. What do you think @TylerMSFT?

Edit: I now see that the 2015 version is added in https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/cpp-docs/commit/7497b107b24aa05f0f46dfb946dd7ee70b9cc127 by Colin Robertson. Not sure why though.

• Change inverted "Adaptor containers" to the correct "Container adaptors"
• Update superscript entries:
  • C++20 is no longer a draft
  • Add C++23 and draft C++26
• Handle the old <contract> header that was pulled from C++20
• Add new "Diagnostics" category for <debugging> and <stacktrace>
• Add a bunch of new headers:
  • <source_location>
  • <stdfloat>
  • <debugging>
  • <stacktrace>
  • <expected>
  • <flat_map>
  • <flat_set>
  • <hive>
  • <inplace_vector>
  • <mdspan>
  • <generator>
  • <format>
  • <text_encoding>
  • <linalg>
  • <numbers>
  • <simd>
  • <print>
  • <spanstream>
  • <barrier>
  • <hazard_pointer>
  • <latch>
  • <rcu>
  • <semaphore>
  • <stop_token>