Upgrade to TypeScript v5.3

[MajorLift]

As part of the Wallet Framework Team's Q2 2024 OKRs (O3/KR4), we are upgrading all core packages to use TypeScript v5.3, with the goal of eventually upgrading to the latest version.

Prior to starting the upgrade process, we should read through the v5.3 release announcements and make note of the following in this ticket:

• New language features that we should apply in our code (e.g. satisfies operator in v4.9).
• Breaking changes and possible regressions (e.g. change in type narrowing behavior in v5.0).
  • For breaking changes, look at the wiki.
  • For regressions, also look at google search results: e.g. site:github.com typescript 5.1 regression
• Blockers for implementation (e.g. fixing type declarations in dependencies to be ESM-compatible was a prerequisite for the v5.0 upgrade).

We should also do a trial run of bumping TypeScript versions in core packages and seeing what (if any) error messages we get when we run yarn build and yarn test. These errors should be recorded in this ticket.