ExplainableAI.jl

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Documentation	Build Status	DOI

Explainable AI in Julia using Flux.jl.

This package implements interpretability methods and visualizations for neural networks, similar to Captum and Zennit for PyTorch and iNNvestigate for Keras models.

Installation

This package supports Julia ≥1.6. To install it, open the Julia REPL and run

julia> ]add ExplainableAI

Example

Let's use LRP to explain why an image of a castle gets classified as such using a pre-trained VGG16 model from Metalhead.jl:

using ExplainableAI
using Flux
using Metalhead
using FileIO, HTTP

# Load model
model = VGG(16, pretrain=true).layers
model = strip_softmax(flatten_chain(model))

# Load input
url = HTTP.URI("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adrhill/ExplainableAI.jl/gh-pages/assets/heatmaps/castle.jpg")
img = load(url)
input = preprocess_imagenet(img)
input = reshape(input, 224, 224, 3, :)  # reshape to WHCN format

# Run XAI method
analyzer = LRP(model)
expl = analyze(input, analyzer)         # or: expl = analyzer(input)

# Show heatmap
heatmap(expl)

# Or analyze & show heatmap directly
heatmap(input, analyzer)

We can also get an explanation for the activation of the output neuron corresponding to the "street sign" class by specifying the corresponding output neuron position 920:

analyze(input, analyzer, 920)  # for explanation 
heatmap(input, analyzer, 920)  # for heatmap

Heatmaps for all implemented analyzers are shown in the following table. Red color indicate regions of positive relevance towards the selected class, whereas regions in blue are of negative relevance.

Analyzer	Heatmap for class "castle"	Heatmap for class "street sign"
LRP with EpsilonPlus composite
LRP with EpsilonPlusFlat composite
LRP with EpsilonAlpha2Beta1 composite
LRP with EpsilonAlpha2Beta1Flat composite
LRP with EpsilonGammaBox composite
LRP
InputTimesGradient
Gradient
SmoothGrad
IntegratedGradients

The code used to generate these heatmaps can be found here.

Video demonstration

Check out our talk at JuliaCon 2022 for a demonstration of the package.

Methods

Currently, the following analyzers are implemented:

├── Gradient
├── InputTimesGradient
├── SmoothGrad
├── IntegratedGradients
└── LRP
    ├── Rules
    │   ├── ZeroRule
    │   ├── EpsilonRule
    │   ├── GammaRule
    │   ├── WSquareRule
    │   ├── FlatRule
    │   ├── ZBoxRule
    │   ├── ZPlusRule
    │   ├── AlphaBetaRule
    │   └── PassRule
    └── Composite
        ├── EpsilonGammaBox
        ├── EpsilonPlus
        ├── EpsilonPlusFlat
        ├── EpsilonAlpha2Beta1
        └── EpsilonAlpha2Beta1Flat

One of the design goals of ExplainableAI.jl is extensibility. Custom composites are easily defined and the package is easily extended by custom rules.

Roadmap

In the future, we would like to include:

• PatternNet
• DeepLift
• LIME
• Shapley values via ShapML.jl

Contributions are welcome!

Acknowledgements

Adrian Hill acknowledges support by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for the Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data (BIFOLD) (01IS18037A).