Number theory functions

[arthurgreef]

Our team would like to implement a smart contract that uses an RSA Accumulator to track non-fungible tokens. An RSA Accumulator is used to provide layer 2 scale and privacy features. The number theory functions in this pull request are required by an RSA Accumulator verifier that will execute on Cardano.

There are a few requests we have for the owners of this code base.

Can we work with someone on the cost model for these functions? We are not sure who would create the data used for regression and we are not sure if linear functions are good for log(n) algorithms. Can we work with someone who can review this pull request? @kwxm?

Pre-submit checklist:

• Branch
  • [ X] Commit sequence broadly makes sense
  • [X ] Key commits have useful messages
  • [ ] Relevant tickets are mentioned in commit messages
  • [ X] Formatting, materialized Nix files, PNG optimization, etc. are updated
• PR
  • [X ] Self-reviewed the diff
  • [X ] Useful pull request description
  • [X ] Reviewer requested

Pre-merge checklist:

• [ ] Someone approved it
• [ ] Commits have useful messages
• [ ] Review clarifications made it into the code
• [ ] History is moderately tidy; or going to squash-merge