Add a GHA workflow to perform static code analysis

[jhlegarreta]

Description

Add a GHA workflow to perform static code analysis, using e.g. cppcheck or clang tools.

Impact analysis

A static code analysis tools would allow to e.g. identify dangerous patterns, unreachable code, etc.

Expected behavior

Improve the code base by passing all static syntax checks.

Actual behavior

No static analysis is performed other than the analysis done locally by some maintainers and contributors.

Versions

master.

Environment

Any.

Additional Information

N/A.