Allow blocking cask install methods

[SMillerDev]

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Verification

• [x] This issue's title and/or description do not reference a single formula e.g. brew install wget. If they do, open an issue at https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/issues/new/choose instead.

Provide a detailed description of the proposed feature

Allow a setting HOMEBREW_FORBIDDEN_CASK_ARTIFACTS that allows the brew user to limit what casks can be used on the machine. The value to this would be a list of artifact types to block.

It would work like the license block list.

What is the motivation for the feature?

Since some casks have special requirements, users might not want to install them. For example:

• pkg requiring sudo
• pkg installing anywhere on the device

How will the feature be relevant to at least 90% of Homebrew users?

Not sure if it will be, but it is relevant to some of the power users.

What alternatives to the feature have been considered?

Allowing a flag to block all sudo usage to block pkg installs, but it's a lot messier.