feat: reduce sorted runs during compaction

[v0y4g3r]

I hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

• #3416

What's changed and what's your intention?

This PR changes the behavior during compaction from reduce file nums to sorted runs.

A sorted run in GreptimeDB is defined as a sequence of non-overlapping SST files. If multiple sorted runs exist in some time window, even a simple query with explicit time ranges may invole multiple files. Before this PR, GreptimeDB merges all files in active window into one single file if the total num of files exceeds max_active_window_files, of which the write amplification is rather severe. In this PR, we only enforce a max_active_window_runs in active window to reduce read amplication. If num of sorted runs exceeds that threshold, it only merges the overlapping files on demand.

Checklist

• [x] I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• [x] I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• [ ] This PR does not require documentation updates.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 99.83871% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 84.67%. Comparing base (b6585e3) to head (f126da3). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3702      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.89%   84.67%   -0.23%     
==========================================
  Files        1040     1041       +1     
  Lines      183506   184060     +554     
==========================================
+ Hits       155789   155844      +55     
- Misses      27717    28216     +499     

[killme2008]

What's the progress of this PR? @v0y4g3r

[killme2008]

@v0y4g3r What's the status of this PR? It's deprecated or just wait for resolving conflicts.

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Commits

Files that changed from the base of the PR and between 379cd7159299e9e4fbf32f442950bdd9aa6197bf and f126da33ba1763045e7b4e3cf85bc2b57de8046e.

Walkthrough

The changes primarily revolve around transitioning from file-based to run-based terminology and logic within the compaction mechanism, focusing on improving clarity in file handling and compaction processes. Key modifications include renaming file-related parameters for better representation of run handling, introducing a new module for run management, and updating test cases to align with the new terminology.

Changes

File(s)	Change Summary
src/.../compaction.rs	Added new run module.
src/.../picker.rs, src/.../twcs.rs	Renamed parameters from files to runs and updated compaction logic accordingly.
src/.../run.rs	Introduced functionalities for handling sorted runs and merging items, defining related traits and structures.
src/.../append_mode_test.rs, src/.../compaction_test.rs, src/.../filter_deleted_test.rs	Updated test cases to use runs terminology and adjusted assertions to reflect the new logic.
src/.../options.rs	Renamed struct fields from max_active_window_files to max_active_window_runs and the respective inactive counterparts.
src/.../file.rs	Added size method in FileHandle.
src/.../mito_engine_options.rs	Updated keys for compaction options from files to runs.
tests/.../create_with_options.result, tests/.../create_with_options.sql	Adjusted configuration options and parameters in test scripts to use runs instead of files.

Poem

In the land where code runs free, New 'runs' are born, no longer 'files' to see, Merging smart, and sorted neat, Efficiency in compaction we now greet. Tests revised, all aligned, For a smoother, future-compacted time. 🐰✨

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