Add `name_from_id` provider-defined function

[SarahFrench]

Release Note Template for Downstream PRs (will be copied)

provider: added provider-defined function `name_from_id` for retrieving a resource's short-form name from a its self link or id

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[SarahFrench]

Closing - stacked PR is replaced by https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/magic-modules/pull/10106