Charge for the fields of transaction as part of `min_fee`

[Voxelot]

Problem overview

There are several areas of transaction verification that do not have accurate costing. While we have a good framework for pricing opcodes now, our costing of the transaction min fee leaves more to be desired.

Currently the min fee of a transaction is solely based on the amount of chargeable serialized bytes. However, this is likely insufficient for accurate transaction metering. The risks of inaccurate metering are:

• Liveness failures (i.e. skipped consensus rounds)
• Unsynchronizable nodes
• Unanticipated DA expenses, leaving the L1 committer to pick up the tab.

Solution

We've already found several places where we undercharge users https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1418.

There's likely more hot spots in transaction validation that aren't captured by our current byte pricing structure. We should investigate this further by building a fuzzing framework https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1402 that detects any discrepancies between transaction base cost vs validation time in gas units (i.e. IntoChecked::into_checked) + disk space delta after execution https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-vm/issues/601. This should help capture subtle differences in disk footprint & I/O requirements such as contract bytecode being duplicated into two tables instead unlike the rest of the transaction bytes.

The action list is:

• Create benchmarks to track the impact of each field on execution time.
  • https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1387
  • https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1402
  • https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1442
• Identify fields that should be charged.
• Apply a new charging model to the codebase. It should affect the final min_fee of the transaction.
  • https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1403
  • https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-vm/issues/601
  • https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1418
  • https://github.com/FuelLabs/fuel-core/issues/1161
• Verify that a new prices/cost covers execution time.

[Voxelot]

Initial benchmarking shows we need to increase minimum fee based on predicates & per signature recovery, potentially adjust gas_per_byte / how bytes are metered.