Resolves #2663: Add query support for indexed artithmetic functions

[alecgrieser]

This adds a new FunctionKeyExpression representing some basic arithmetic functions on longs, including sum and bitand (useful for when long fields are used as bitsets, and the user wants to define an index on individual bits in the bitset). This includes adding support for expressing the expression as a Value so that it can be matched within the Cascades planner. From the first test fixture added, it appears that the planner can already handle basic queries on this field, though it doesn't always recognize when it can skip a record resolution (e.g., when the function value is in both the result set and the index or when the argument fields are indexed).

This resolves #2663.

[foundationdb-ci]

Result of fdb-record-layer-pr on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: 5e53c1e983068b8b5d6a9575d58dcf565e71117a
• Duration 0:49:59
• Result: :white_check_mark: SUCCEEDED
• Error: N/A
• Build Log terminal output (available for 30 days)
• Build Workspace zip file of the working directory (available for 30 days)

[foundationdb-ci]

Result of fdb-record-layer-pr on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: 9480558d7659f491b87f4f932f0252837294d6cb
• Duration 0:51:19
• Result: :white_check_mark: SUCCEEDED
• Error: N/A
• Build Log terminal output (available for 30 days)
• Build Workspace zip file of the working directory (available for 30 days)

[foundationdb-ci]

Result of fdb-record-layer-pr on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: 33160b13d5b45599d54bf108574eda9a42f6cf45
• Duration 0:50:49
• Result: :white_check_mark: SUCCEEDED
• Error: N/A
• Build Log terminal output (available for 30 days)
• Build Workspace zip file of the working directory (available for 30 days)

[foundationdb-ci]

Result of fdb-record-layer-pr on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: b91b5aab6bded3f1e746d575ca251f45378273ad
• Duration 0:49:17
• Result: :x: FAILED
• Error: Error while executing command: ./gradlew --no-daemon --console=plain -b ./build.gradle build destructiveTest -PcoreNotStrict -PreleaseBuild=false -PpublishBuild=false -PspotbugsEnableHtmlReport. Reason: exit status 1
• Build Log terminal output (available for 30 days)
• Build Workspace zip file of the working directory (available for 30 days)

[foundationdb-ci]

Result of fdb-record-layer-pr on Linux CentOS 7

• Commit ID: e5b806c052180221aa07bdcc6d0a4f2c2a57b33a
• Duration 0:44:58
• Result: :white_check_mark: SUCCEEDED
• Error: N/A
• Build Log terminal output (available for 30 days)
• Build Workspace zip file of the working directory (available for 30 days)

[alecgrieser]

Included within #2815.