Migrate to Jakarta EE 10 and Jetty 12

[nscuro]

Description

Performs the migration from Java EE to Jakarta EE 10 (see here for background).

This migration is crucial to prevent the Dependency-Track code base from falling behind, and accumulating too much tech debt. Major frameworks like Spring and Quarkus migrated to Jakarta EE years ago.

This also upgrades the embedded Jetty from 10 to 12. 12 being the latest, and only community-supported version of Jetty:

Jetty 12 is the only community supported versions of Jetty at this point in time, and has a great many improvements over previous releases.

While many people continue to use older versions of Jetty like 11/10/9 for a variety of reasons, we recommend using Jetty 12

Note that Jetty 12 is the only version that will receive support for the open source community, and represents the version of Jetty that we will actively maintain and improve over the next few years.

January 1st, 2024 marks the end of community support for the Jetty 11 and older releases.

(Source)

Addressed Issue

Closes #2727

Additional Details

Depends on https://github.com/stevespringett/Alpine/pull/570

Checklist

• [x] I have read and understand the contributing guidelines
• ~This PR fixes a defect, and I have provided tests to verify that the fix is effective~
• ~This PR implements an enhancement, and I have provided tests to verify that it works as intended~
• ~This PR introduces changes to the database model, and I have added corresponding update logic~
• ~This PR introduces new or alters existing behavior, and I have updated the documentation accordingly~