[Feature] Add .clang-tidy to the project

[morrisonlevi]

In #1216 I did some cleanup based on the clang-tidy checks that CLion does. It would be beneficial to add a .clang-tidy file to our repository and to keep the components/ directory free from issues.

At the end of this message are the options that CLion is using. Many of these are C++ or library specific (like mpi-*). I haven't combed through the list; just spot checked a few to get an idea of what's in there.

-*
bugprone-argument-comment
bugprone-assert-side-effect
bugprone-bad-signal-to-kill-thread
bugprone-branch-clone
bugprone-copy-constructor-init
bugprone-dangling-handle
bugprone-dynamic-static-initializers
bugprone-fold-init-type
bugprone-forward-declaration-namespace
bugprone-forwarding-reference-overload
bugprone-inaccurate-erase
bugprone-incorrect-roundings
bugprone-integer-division
bugprone-lambda-function-name
bugprone-macro-parentheses
bugprone-macro-repeated-side-effects
bugprone-misplaced-operator-in-strlen-in-alloc
bugprone-misplaced-pointer-arithmetic-in-alloc
bugprone-misplaced-widening-cast
bugprone-move-forwarding-reference
bugprone-multiple-statement-macro
bugprone-no-escape
bugprone-not-null-terminated-result
bugprone-parent-virtual-call
bugprone-posix-return
bugprone-reserved-identifier
bugprone-sizeof-container
bugprone-sizeof-expression
bugprone-spuriously-wake-up-functions
bugprone-string-constructor
bugprone-string-integer-assignment
bugprone-string-literal-with-embedded-nul
bugprone-suspicious-enum-usage
bugprone-suspicious-include
bugprone-suspicious-memset-usage
bugprone-suspicious-missing-comma
bugprone-suspicious-semicolon
bugprone-suspicious-string-compare
bugprone-swapped-arguments
bugprone-terminating-continue
bugprone-throw-keyword-missing
bugprone-too-small-loop-variable
bugprone-undefined-memory-manipulation
bugprone-undelegated-constructor
bugprone-unhandled-self-assignment
bugprone-unused-raii
bugprone-unused-return-value
bugprone-use-after-move
bugprone-virtual-near-miss
cert-dcl21-cpp
cert-dcl58-cpp
cert-err34-c
cert-err52-cpp
cert-err58-cpp
cert-err60-cpp
cert-flp30-c
cert-msc50-cpp
cert-msc51-cpp
cert-str34-c
cppcoreguidelines-interfaces-global-init
cppcoreguidelines-narrowing-conversions
cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-member-init
cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast
cppcoreguidelines-slicing
google-default-arguments
google-explicit-constructor
google-runtime-operator
hicpp-exception-baseclass
hicpp-multiway-paths-covered
misc-misplaced-const
misc-new-delete-overloads
misc-no-recursion
misc-non-copyable-objects
misc-throw-by-value-catch-by-reference
misc-unconventional-assign-operator
misc-uniqueptr-reset-release
modernize-avoid-bind
modernize-concat-nested-namespaces
modernize-deprecated-headers
modernize-deprecated-ios-base-aliases
modernize-loop-convert
modernize-make-shared
modernize-make-unique
modernize-pass-by-value
modernize-raw-string-literal
modernize-redundant-void-arg
modernize-replace-auto-ptr
modernize-replace-disallow-copy-and-assign-macro
modernize-replace-random-shuffle
modernize-return-braced-init-list
modernize-shrink-to-fit
modernize-unary-static-assert
modernize-use-auto
modernize-use-bool-literals
modernize-use-emplace
modernize-use-equals-default
modernize-use-equals-delete
modernize-use-nodiscard
modernize-use-noexcept
modernize-use-nullptr
modernize-use-override
modernize-use-transparent-functors
modernize-use-uncaught-exceptions
mpi-buffer-deref
mpi-type-mismatch
openmp-use-default-none
performance-faster-string-find
performance-for-range-copy
performance-implicit-conversion-in-loop
performance-inefficient-algorithm
performance-inefficient-string-concatenation
performance-inefficient-vector-operation
performance-move-const-arg
performance-move-constructor-init
performance-no-automatic-move
performance-noexcept-move-constructor
performance-trivially-destructible
performance-type-promotion-in-math-fn
performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization
performance-unnecessary-value-param
portability-simd-intrinsics
readability-avoid-const-params-in-decls
readability-const-return-type
readability-container-size-empty
readability-convert-member-functions-to-static
readability-delete-null-pointer
readability-deleted-default
readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name
readability-make-member-function-const
readability-misleading-indentation
readability-misplaced-array-index
readability-non-const-parameter
readability-redundant-control-flow
readability-redundant-declaration
readability-redundant-function-ptr-dereference
readability-redundant-smartptr-get
readability-redundant-string-cstr
readability-redundant-string-init
readability-simplify-subscript-expr
readability-static-accessed-through-instance
readability-static-definition-in-anonymous-namespace
readability-string-compare
readability-uniqueptr-delete-release
readability-use-anyofallof