[hotfix-#1952][core|doris] Fix ARRAY and LARGEINT type conversion exc…

[zhiqiang-dev]

…eptions

Purpose of this pull request

Which issue you fix

Fixes # (issue).

Checklist:

• [x] I have executed the 'mvn spotless:apply' command to format my code.
• [x] I have a meaningful commit message (including the issue id, the template of commit message is '[label-type-#issue-id][fixed-module] a meaningful commit message.')
• [x] I have performed a self-review of my own code.
• [x] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas.
• [x] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation.
• [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works.
• [x] New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes.
• [x] I have checked my code and corrected any misspellings.
• [x] My commit is only one. (If there are multiple commits, you can use 'git squash' to compress multiple commits into one.)